In the month of celebrating woman’s contributions to history, we are also celebrating the birthday of one of astronomy’s most influential women. Caroline Herschel was born on March 16, 1750. She, like many women in this time, faced barriers that limited education and recognition.

Throughout history, women have made extraordinary contributions to science. Caroline is one of three such trailblazers— in addition to Maria Mitchell, and Henrietta Swan Leavitt.

Herschel is an example that expectations do not determine reality. She was taught to be a servant, though her father quietly nurtured her curiosity by tutoring her alongside her brother, astronomer William Herschel. The siblings moved to England to pursue their studies. Their collaboration led to important astronomical discoveries, and Caroline became the first woman to receive a salary as a scientist.

In the United States, Maria Mitchell broke barriers as the nation’s first female professor of astronomy. Her career helped open academic doors for women and demonstrated that scientific leadership was not limited by gender.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt wasn’t allowed to use a telescope, as they were reserved for men. Despite this, her work was revolutionary. She discovered the relationship between the brightness and period of Cepheid variable stars, a breakthrough that allows astronomers to measure distances.

Together, these women reshaped astronomy, making them powerful figures to celebrate this month.